https://feedstockdata.com/category/waste-circular-economy/Waste and circular economyen-gbFri, 06 Nov 2026 08:00:00 +0000https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/deposit-return-system-in-poland-how-it-works-from-1-october-2025/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/deposit-return-system-in-poland-how-it-works-from-1-october-2025/Thu, 20 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyFrom 1 October 2025 a deposit of 50 gr is paid for PET bottles up to 3 l and cans up to 1 l, and PLN 1 for reusable glass bottles up to 1.5 l. We explain the rules, shop obligations and the 2026 changes.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/municipal-waste-recycling-and-landfill-levels-targets-2025-2030-2035-and-data/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/municipal-waste-recycling-and-landfill-levels-targets-2025-2030-2035-and-data/Tue, 16 Jun 2026 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe EU requires 55, 60 and 65% preparation for re-use and recycling of municipal waste by 2025, 2030 and 2035, and landfilling below 10% by 2035. We set the targets against Eurostat data for Poland.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/china-straw-utilisation-rate-86-90-percent-burning-policy/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/china-straw-utilisation-rate-86-90-percent-burning-policy/Wed, 15 Apr 2026 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economySources give straw utilisation in China of 86–90%, but the method of calculation is often unclear. Some provinces, such as Hunan, are moving away from a total burning ban, and in 2025 the central level also softened its approach.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-processing-permit-for-a-biogas-plant-application-conditions-security/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-processing-permit-for-a-biogas-plant-application-conditions-security/Tue, 03 Mar 2026 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyReceiving waste for fermentation requires a waste processing permit or an integrated permit. We describe the authority, the application, annexes, inspections, security for claims and the period of validity.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/food-industry-waste-as-biogas-substrates-potential-and-challenges/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/food-industry-waste-as-biogas-substrates-potential-and-challenges/Sat, 28 Feb 2026 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyFruit pulp, whey, pomace, fats and slaughterhouse waste have a high methane potential, but require control of loading, variability of composition, and compliance with sanitary rules and the Waste Database (BDO).https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/korea-ban-on-direct-landfilling-of-municipal-waste-seoul-area-2026/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/korea-ban-on-direct-landfilling-of-municipal-waste-seoul-area-2026/Thu, 22 Jan 2026 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyFrom the start of 2026, municipal waste may not be landfilled without prior treatment in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi Province. On the second day, 66 t went to the Sudokwon landfill, about 3% of the previous average.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/japan-food-recycling-act-2000-and-food-loss-reduction-act-2019/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/japan-food-recycling-act-2000-and-food-loss-reduction-act-2019/Mon, 20 Oct 2025 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe Japanese system rests on the 2000 food waste recycling act and the 2019 food loss reduction act. Targets to 2030, revised after businesses reached theirs early.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/poland-deposit-return-system-launched-1-october-2025-rules-first-days/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/poland-deposit-return-system-launched-1-october-2025-rules-first-days/Wed, 01 Oct 2025 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn 1 October 2025 the deposit return system for PET bottles up to 3 l and cans up to 1 l started in Poland; the deposit is 50 groszy, and PLN 1 for reusable glass bottles. Shops above 200 m² must accept packaging.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/vietnam-mandatory-waste-sorting-from-2025-implementation-difficulties/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/vietnam-mandatory-waste-sorting-from-2025-implementation-difficulties/Wed, 10 Sep 2025 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economySince 1 January 2025 Vietnam has required household waste to be sorted into three fractions. According to the ministry, only 32 of 63 units have launched pilots, and food waste makes up 50–60% of the stream.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/european-parliament-approves-waste-framework-directive-revision-2025/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/european-parliament-approves-waste-framework-directive-revision-2025/Wed, 10 Sep 2025 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn 9 September 2025 the European Parliament approved the Council's position on the revision of the Waste Framework Directive. Directive (EU) 2025/1892 introduces binding food waste reduction targets and EPR for textiles.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/sewage-sludge-after-the-landfill-ban-routes-challenges-and-directive-2024-3019/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/sewage-sludge-after-the-landfill-ban-routes-challenges-and-directive-2024-3019/Fri, 30 May 2025 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyAfter the landfill ban, sewage sludge goes to agriculture, composting, digestion and incineration. We analyse the routes, restrictions, phosphorus recovery and the impact of the new municipal wastewater directive.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/extended-producer-responsibility-epr-in-poland-legal-position-in-2025/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/extended-producer-responsibility-epr-in-poland-legal-position-in-2025/Sun, 04 May 2025 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyPoland has no single EPR act: producers’ obligations follow from sectoral acts (packaging, equipment, batteries, vehicles, the product fee). We explain the mechanisms and the changes for 2025.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/nsw-mandatory-fogo-collection-households-2030/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/nsw-mandatory-fogo-collection-households-2030/Thu, 27 Feb 2025 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyIn February 2025 NSW passed a statutory FOGO collection obligation: councils must provide the service to all households with a red bin by 1 July 2030, and businesses in stages from July 2026.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/eu-mandatory-separate-collection-of-textiles-from-1-january-2025/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/eu-mandatory-separate-collection-of-textiles-from-1-january-2025/Thu, 02 Jan 2025 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn 1 January 2025 the EU obligation to collect textile waste separately came into force. It is another stream, after bio-waste, covered by separate collection, which affects the layout of the waste management system.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-shipments-regulation-eu-2024-1157-new-rules-from-21-may-2026/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-shipments-regulation-eu-2024-1157-new-rules-from-21-may-2026/Wed, 11 Dec 2024 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyRegulation (EU) 2024/1157 will replace Regulation 1013/2006: digital procedures, new export rules for non-OECD countries and a ban on exporting plastic waste. Key dates: 2025, 2026 and 2027.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/bic-zwe-report-nearly-75-percent-eu-food-waste-not-recovered/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/bic-zwe-report-nearly-75-percent-eu-food-waste-not-recovered/Fri, 15 Nov 2024 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe second edition of the report by the Bio-based Industries Consortium and Zero Waste Europe: only 26% of food waste in the EU is collected separately. Since 1 January 2024 the obligation to collect bio-waste separately has applied to all Member States.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/uganda-kiteezi-landfill-collapse-kampala-victims/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/uganda-kiteezi-landfill-collapse-kampala-victims/Wed, 14 Aug 2024 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn Saturday morning, 10 August 2024, the Kiteezi landfill in Kampala collapsed after torrential rain. By Sunday the death toll had risen to at least 23, and the president ordered an investigation.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/new-zealand-landfill-levy-nzd-60-per-tonne-july-2024/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/new-zealand-landfill-levy-nzd-60-per-tonne-july-2024/Wed, 03 Jul 2024 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyFrom 1 July 2024 the levy for disposing of municipal waste in New Zealand is NZD 60 per tonne, after a four-year increase of the rate from NZD 10 in 2009 and an extension of the levy's scope.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/korea-food-waste-rfid-from-landfill-ban-to-biogas/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/korea-food-waste-rfid-from-landfill-ban-to-biogas/Wed, 05 Jun 2024 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyHow South Korea built a food waste collection system: a landfill ban since 2005, weight-based fees with RFID containers and a recycling rate above 95%.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/european-parliament-adopts-packaging-regulation-ppwr-april-2024/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/european-parliament-adopts-packaging-regulation-ppwr-april-2024/Wed, 24 Apr 2024 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn 24 April 2024 the European Parliament adopted at first reading its position on the regulation on packaging and packaging waste. The requirements concern, among other things, compostable packaging, reuse and recycling.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/separate-biowaste-collection-in-municipalities-duties-fractions-composting/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/separate-biowaste-collection-in-municipalities-duties-fractions-composting/Wed, 17 Apr 2024 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyA municipality must provide separate collection of six streams, including biowaste, and residents must comply. We explain the fractions, bin colours, the exemption for home composters and the EU deadlines.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/european-parliament-position-food-waste-textiles-waste-framework-directive/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/european-parliament-position-food-waste-textiles-waste-framework-directive/Wed, 13 Mar 2024 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn 13 March 2024 the European Parliament backed (514 votes in favour) its position on the revision of the Waste Framework Directive: binding food waste targets and extended producer responsibility for textiles.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/regional-waste-management-plans-regulation-23-november-2023/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/regional-waste-management-plans-regulation-23-november-2023/Tue, 28 Nov 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe Regulation of the Minister of Climate and Environment of 23 November 2023 sets out how to prepare regional waste management plans and the investment plan: a 12- and 6-year horizon, and a map of biowaste, digestion and thermal treatment installations.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/european-parliament-position-packaging-regulation-ppwr-22-november-2023/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/european-parliament-position-packaging-regulation-ppwr-22-november-2023/Wed, 22 Nov 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn 22 November 2023 the European Parliament adopted its position on the draft regulation on packaging and packaging waste (PPWR): waste reduction targets, bans on selected single-use packaging and rules for compostable packaging.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/fires-at-landfills-and-illegal-waste-stores/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/fires-at-landfills-and-illegal-waste-stores/Mon, 30 Oct 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyIn 2018, 243 fires at dumps and landfills were recorded, in 2019 177 and in 2020 111. We explain where waste fires come from, what is released and how to reduce the risk.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/challenges-for-recycling-and-waste-management-in-poland/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/challenges-for-recycling-and-waste-management-in-poland/Mon, 09 Oct 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyGrowing waste volumes, infrastructure gaps, illegal landfills and new streams (batteries, photovoltaics) are the main challenges. An overview of the tools: EPR, the deposit return system and the Batteries Regulation.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/end-of-waste-status-article-14-when-compost-or-digestate-stops-being-waste/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/end-of-waste-status-article-14-when-compost-or-digestate-stops-being-waste/Mon, 02 Oct 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyWaste can cease to be waste after recycling or other recovery, but only if it meets the four conditions of Article 14 and the specific conditions. We explain where to get them from and what this means for digestate and compost.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/3d-printing-filament-from-plastic-bottle-caps/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/3d-printing-filament-from-plastic-bottle-caps/Mon, 25 Sep 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyPP and HDPE caps can be shredded and processed into filament in an extruder, but the material is hard to print with. We discuss the educational value, technical limitations and the EU context.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/water-in-waste-streams-reuse-of-wastewater-rainwater-and-digestate/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/water-in-waste-streams-reuse-of-wastewater-rainwater-and-digestate/Wed, 06 Sep 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyMunicipal wastewater, process wastewater and rainwater are potential sources of water. We discuss recovery technologies, examples from Singapore, Namibia and Israel, the "Moja Woda" programme and the role of digestate.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/deposit-return-system-act-passed-july-2023-deposit-up-to-pln-2/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/deposit-return-system-act-passed-july-2023-deposit-up-to-pln-2/Thu, 13 Jul 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe act of 13 July 2023 introduces a deposit return system in Poland for plastic bottles, cans and returnable glass bottles: a deposit of up to PLN 2, collection levels from 77% in 2025 to 90% in 2029.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/commission-proposes-waste-framework-directive-revision-food-waste-targets/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/commission-proposes-waste-framework-directive-revision-food-waste-targets/Wed, 05 Jul 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn 5 July 2023 the European Commission proposed binding food waste reduction targets for 2030 and extended producer responsibility in the textiles sector. The change will affect the food waste stream.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-codes-at-a-biogas-plant-choosing-a-catalogue-code-and-avoiding-mistakes/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-codes-at-a-biogas-plant-choosing-a-catalogue-code-and-avoiding-mistakes/Sat, 13 May 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyA waste code is chosen according to the source of generation, not according to what you will use it for. We show the rules of the 2020 catalogue and the codes of typical substrates and fermentation products.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/no-shortage-of-ideas-for-landfills-gas-sorting-composting-and-thermal-treatment/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/no-shortage-of-ideas-for-landfills-gas-sorting-composting-and-thermal-treatment/Fri, 28 Apr 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyJardim Gramacho in Rio de Janeiro, composting in San Francisco and the Amager Bakke incinerator show that landfills and waste can be turned into energy and raw materials. We check the facts and the limitations.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/single-use-plastics-and-product-fee-act-april-2023/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/single-use-plastics-and-product-fee-act-april-2023/Fri, 14 Apr 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe act of 14 April 2023 implements the directive on single-use plastic products: bans, charges for bags and packaging, producer fees and obligations in the BDO database.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/new-zealand-waste-strategy-2023-food-waste-collection-2030/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/new-zealand-waste-strategy-2023-food-waste-collection-2030/Fri, 31 Mar 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyIn March 2023 the New Zealand government announced a waste strategy and collection standardisation: recycling in cities by 2027 and food waste collection by 2030, with a reduction in landfill methane.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/kitchen-and-catering-waste-producer-obligations-route-to-a-biogas-plant/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/kitchen-and-catering-waste-producer-obligations-route-to-a-biogas-plant/Fri, 03 Mar 2023 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyRestaurants and canteens must collect kitchen waste separately and pass it to an authorised collector. We describe the codes, the contract, the BDO, UPPZ requirements and the route to a biogas plant.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/depackaging-expired-packaged-food-and-regulations-for-biogas-plants/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/depackaging-expired-packaged-food-and-regulations-for-biogas-plants/Sun, 25 Dec 2022 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyDepackaging separates expired food from packaging before digestion. We explain waste codes, the permit, the BDO, UPPZ and the effect of contaminants on digestate quality.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/commission-proposes-packaging-regulation-ppwr-30-november-2022/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/commission-proposes-packaging-regulation-ppwr-30-november-2022/Wed, 30 Nov 2022 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn 30 November 2022 the European Commission proposed a regulation on packaging and packaging waste (PPWR): reduction targets, recycling requirements, deposit return systems and rules for compostable packaging.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/circular-economy-eu-package-polish-roadmap-and-the-role-of-biogas-plants/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/circular-economy-eu-package-polish-roadmap-and-the-role-of-biogas-plants/Sun, 27 Nov 2022 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe circular economy combines the waste hierarchy, recycling targets and closing the nutrient loop. We explain the EU and national frameworks and the place of the biogas plant between energy and fertilisers.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/combustion-waste-end-of-waste-status-regulation-2022/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/combustion-waste-end-of-waste-status-regulation-2022/Wed, 16 Nov 2022 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe regulation of the Minister of Climate and Environment published on 16 November 2022 introduces conditions for combustion waste to lose waste status: ashes, slags and synthetic gypsum from the power sector. It will apply from 1 December 2022.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/food-waste-shop-obligations-pln-0-1-per-kg-fee-and-the-route-to-biogas/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/food-waste-shop-obligations-pln-0-1-per-kg-fee-and-the-route-to-biogas/Fri, 23 Sep 2022 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyShops over 250 m² where food accounts for at least half of turnover must hand food over to non-governmental organisations and pay the food waste fee. We explain the rules, deadlines and the fate of food that cannot be saved.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/municipal-installations-former-ripok-and-wpgo-waste-management-planning/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/municipal-installations-former-ripok-and-wpgo-waste-management-planning/Tue, 14 Jun 2022 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe concept of RIPOK has been replaced by "municipal installations", and the planning role is played by voivodeship waste management plans with an investment plan. We explain the rules and the place of biowaste.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/municipal-sewage-sludge-new-requirements-regulation-2022/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/municipal-sewage-sludge-new-requirements-regulation-2022/Fri, 14 Jan 2022 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyA regulation changing the rules for applying municipal sewage sludge has been published in the Journal of Laws: required treatment processes, accredited testing and new deadlines. The main part will enter into force after 48 months.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/california-sb-1383-biowaste-regulations-in-force/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/california-sb-1383-biowaste-regulations-in-force/Wed, 05 Jan 2022 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyFrom 1 January 2022 the implementing regulations for SB 1383 apply in California: a 75% reduction in landfilling of organic waste by 2025 and recovery of 20% of food.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-act-amendment-17-november-2021-circular-economy-biowaste-epr/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-act-amendment-17-november-2021-circular-economy-biowaste-epr/Fri, 26 Nov 2021 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyThe act of 17 November 2021 (Journal of Laws (Dz.U.) 2021, item 2151), published on 26 November, brings into national law the changes of the EU waste package: new definitions of biowaste, extended producer responsibility (EPR) rules, a ban on incinerating separately collected waste and prevention programmes.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/commission-proposes-new-waste-shipment-rules-17-november-2021/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/commission-proposes-new-waste-shipment-rules-17-november-2021/Wed, 17 Nov 2021 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyProposal COM(2021) 709 of 17 November 2021 amends the waste shipment regulation: it bans exports of plastic waste to non-OECD countries, tightens controls and introduces digital procedures.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-hierarchy-articles-17-18-and-the-place-of-anaerobic-digestion/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/waste-hierarchy-articles-17-18-and-the-place-of-anaerobic-digestion/Sat, 16 Oct 2021 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyFive levels of the hierarchy: prevention, re-use, recycling, other recovery and disposal. We show how Articles 17 and 18 place anaerobic digestion and why this matters in decisions.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/mexico-46-percent-of-waste-is-biowaste-anaerobic-digestion-potential/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/mexico-46-percent-of-waste-is-biowaste-anaerobic-digestion-potential/Mon, 20 Sep 2021 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyA 2020 SEMARNAT assessment, cited in a UGTO paper, indicates that 46.42% of the waste generated in Mexico is organic waste — a large stream for digestion and composting.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/sup-directive-bans-on-single-use-plastics-from-3-july-2021/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/sup-directive-bans-on-single-use-plastics-from-3-july-2021/Sat, 03 Jul 2021 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyFrom 3 July 2021, EU Member States are to apply bans on placing on the market, among others, single-use plastic cutlery, plates and straws and expanded polystyrene containers. Directive 2019/904 also covers biodegradable plastics.https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/china-anti-food-waste-law-2021/https://feedstockdata.com/knowledge/china-anti-food-waste-law-2021/Thu, 06 May 2021 08:00:00 +0000Waste and circular economyOn 29 April 2021 China's parliament passed a law against food waste: obligations for restaurants, fines for misleading customers and the possibility of charges for leftovers.