Question 1

After 28/12/2024, does every negative hour remove support?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Energy generated in an hour in which the volume-weighted average day-ahead market (RDN) price is below zero is deducted from the quantity covered by the FIP settlement; previously the condition was at least six consecutive hours of negative prices.

Question 2

After the price fall in 2023, was FIT better than the day-ahead market again?

Accepted Answer

Yes: the average day-ahead market (RDN) price in H1 2023 was PLN 567.2/MWh, with the 2× operating mode at PLN 636.5/MWh, and the FIT for a new declaration was PLN 745.8/MWh.

Question 3

Are subsidies for biodigesters necessary?

Accepted Answer

Subsidies help to kick-start the market, but data from Tanzania show that once they end, sales can fall sharply if cheap credit and after-sales support are lacking.

Question 4

Can a biogas plant selling at the day-ahead price (RDN) earn as much as on FIT?

Accepted Answer

In the model for a 0.5 MWel installation, only in the crisis half-years (2021–2022). In 2024–2026, operating during the 12 or 8 most expensive hours of the day gives 53–81% of the FIT price, and on the cost side an additional generator set and gas store are required.

Question 5

Can a farmer have their own biogas plant?

Accepted Answer

Yes, a farmer can build an agricultural biogas plant, usually based on slurry, manure and the farm's residues and by-products, but must obtain permits, enter the KOWR register and ensure profitability across the whole investment cycle.

Best suited are farms with a large amount of animal excreta and the possibility of using the heat and digestate. Small (micro) installations use mainly feedstock from the farm itself, while larger ones combine several suppliers. It is worth considering a cooperative or an agreement with neighbours. The investor must assess the costs, support (FIP, auctions, grants) and risks. Consents, record-keeping of substrates and the management of digestate are obligations that are often harder than the construction itself. This is general information, not legal advice.

Sources: Ustawa o odnawialnych źródłach energii (Dz.U. 2015 poz. 478) — ISAP; Krajowy Ośrodek Wsparcia Rolnictwa — gov.pl

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Question 6

Can a Finnish biogas plant count on a feed-in tariff today?

Accepted Answer

No. The feed-in tariff system (premium on top of a target price) was closed for biogas on 1 January 2019. Support in the form of a premium is available only through tenders, and no further round has been announced since 2018.

Question 7

Can a municipality build a biogas plant for bio-waste?

Accepted Answer

Yes, a municipality or its municipal company can build an installation for processing bio-waste with anaerobic digestion, but it must obtain consents, guarantee a waste stream and financing, and take care of the management of digestate.

The EU requirement for separate collection of bio-waste or its recycling at source (in force since 31 December 2023) increases the demand for processing facilities. A municipal biogas plant provides energy, heat or biomethane, reduces management costs and decreases the amount of waste landfilled, but it requires high-quality separate collection at source and control of contaminants. It is often combined with a composting plant or a maturation facility. Municipalities can draw on support from public funds, inter-municipal cooperation and public-private partnerships. Before a decision, an analysis of waste quantities, costs and alternatives is needed.

Sources: Dyrektywa (UE) 2018/851 zmieniająca dyrektywę o odpadach — EUR-Lex; Narodowy Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej

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Question 8

Can an OGI camera be rented in Poland?

Accepted Answer

On the websites checked, only EC TEST Systems indicates the rental of OGI cameras (a rental enquiry form next to the FLIR product pages). ASE ATEX lists the hire of gas detectors in general, without specifying OGI cameras. Availability should be confirmed with the company.

Question 9

Can guarantees of origin for biomethane be sold separately from the gas?

Accepted Answer

Yes, guarantees of origin are an instrument separate from the physical gas and can be traded independently of the sale of biomethane, in the Polish system through the register kept by TGE.

This allows the producer to sell the gas at the market price and the guarantees to a buyer who wants to demonstrate the use of renewable energy. A guarantee is valid for a limited time and can be cancelled once, to avoid double counting. The market in guarantees for biomethane in Poland is only now taking shape, and the first guarantees were issued in September 2026. The price depends on supply and demand and on buyers' requirements (e.g. the type of feedstock). Remember that a guarantee of origin is not a sustainability certificate and does not replace it.

Sources: Towarowa Giełda Energii; gramwzielone.pl: URE wydał dwa ważne dokumenty dla biometanu

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Question 10

Can every municipality have its own biogas plant?

Accepted Answer

Not always. Profitability depends on the quantity and quality of biowaste, access to a buyer for the gas and heat, and the capacity to manage the installation. Regional installations serving several municipalities more often make sense.

Question 11

Can biogas plants in the United Kingdom take part in the CfD auction?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Anaerobic digestion above 5 MW was a separate technology in pot 2. In AR4, however, no such project received a contract.

Question 12

What is the capacity of Polish biogas plants and how much biogas do they produce?

Accepted Answer

According to KOWR data from early March 2026, agricultural biogas plants had a combined electrical capacity of about 184 MW and an annual output of over 800 million m³ of biogas, and all biogas installations had about 300 MW at the end of 2025.

The data relate to 204 installations belonging to 170 agricultural biogas producers. The combined electrical capacity of all biogas plants (agricultural, and at wastewater treatment plants and landfills) according to a 2026 compilation was about 300 MW. The figures change from month to month, because new installations are added and some older ones are upgraded. The annual production value does not equal nominal capacity multiplied by a year, because installations have shutdowns and different load levels. The best source is the KOWR register and industry reports.

Sources: globenergia.pl: Biogaz i biometan w Polsce — bilans sektora na koniec 2025 r.; globenergia.pl: Ile jest w Polsce biogazowni rolniczych w 2026 r.

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Question 13

Could FIP + flexibility have beaten FIT in the second half of 2023?

Accepted Answer

In the FIP model with 3× operation it gave PLN 763.2/MWh, that is 102% of the FIT for declarations made before 10 November (PLN 745.8/MWh), but only 92% of the new price of PLN 828.4/MWh.

Question 14

Did AD and biomass with CHP win any contract in AR4 or AR5?

Accepted Answer

According to the official results, no, in neither AR4 nor AR5. In AR4 one energy-from-waste project with CHP received a contract, and in AR5 other sources won in the technologies of pots 1 and 2.

Question 15

Did the listed companies pay for a mention?

Accepted Answer

No. As of the date of publication, we have no commercial cooperation with any of the listed companies; the order is alphabetical, and the descriptions follow a uniform template.

Question 16

Do auctions or tariffs win worldwide?

Accepted Answer

In the EU, premiums and auctions promoted by RED II dominate, but tariffs or administrative surcharges are still in operation in Italy, Greece, Slovakia (for old installations) and India.

Question 17

Do FIT and FIP require an agricultural biogas plant?

Accepted Answer

No. Article 70a(1)(1)–(6) of the Act on Renewable Energy Sources (ustawa o OZE) allows agricultural biogas, landfill biogas, sewage treatment biogas, other biogas, hydropower and biomass; an installation using “other biogas” simply has a lower reference price.

Question 18

Does Germany still have a fixed feed-in tariff for biogas plants?

Accepted Answer

For larger installations, support is awarded in tenders, and the generator sells electricity on the market and receives a market premium. A fixed, statutory rate has retained significance mainly for very small installations.

Question 19

Does REIPPPP finance biogas plants?

Accepted Answer

The programme is not solely for biogas. It was an auction-based programme for purchasing renewable energy from independent producers; bioenergy (landfill gas and biomass) received only small allocations in it in window 3.

Question 20

Does the day-ahead market (RDN) with 2× operation match FIT?

Accepted Answer

In H1 2021, no: revenue from the day-ahead market (RDN) when operating in the 12 most expensive hours was PLN 311.8/MWh against PLN 617.5/MWh under FIT.

Question 21

Does the IEA see biomethane as a solution to the current crisis?

Accepted Answer

Not in the short term. The Agency points to biogas and biomethane as one element of reducing dependence, but cautions that their supply chains need time, so the greatest effect will come over the medium term.

Question 22

From when has the FIT threshold been 200 kW?

Accepted Answer

From 28 December 2024: the Act of 27 November 2024 (Journal of Laws (Dz.U.) 2024, item 1847) replaced the 500 kW threshold in Article 70a with a 200 kW threshold; installations of 200–500 kW moved to the FIP class, with transitional provisions.

Question 23

How is the fixed price indexed?

Accepted Answer

In line with Article 70e(3) of the Act on Renewable Energy Sources (ustawa o OZE), every year by the annual average consumer price index for goods and services from the previous year; the model assumes that the first indexation takes place in the year after the declaration is submitted.

Question 24

How large is the biogas and biomethane market in Europe?

Accepted Answer

According to the European Biogas Association, Europe produced about 22 billion m³ of biogas and biomethane in 2024 (after conversion), of which about 19 billion m³ in the EU-27; biomethane accounts for about 5.2 billion m³ across Europe (including about 4.3 billion m³ in the EU-27).

The data come from the 15th EBA statistical report published in December 2025, and the discussion of it is based on press releases; the full report is paid for entities outside the association. Biomethane is the fastest-growing segment, and installed capacity was about 7 billion m³ a year at the beginning of 2025. The scale of growth depends on national policies, costs and grid access. For comparison, gas consumption in the EU-27 is of the order of 330 billion m³, so the share of biogas and biomethane is still small.

Sources: European Biogas Association — Statistical Report 2025 (komunikat); European Biogas Association

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Question 25

How long does it take to implement a biogas or biomethane plant project?

Accepted Answer

Implementation usually takes several years: obtaining permits and approvals is often the longest stage (the time depends, among other things, on the environmental decision and the grid operator), and construction and commissioning add further months.

The longest are often: the environmental decision, location approvals, connection conditions and the connection agreement, and financing. Construction of a medium-sized biogas plant usually takes from about a dozen months, and biological start-up requires weeks or months more, because the microorganisms have to be built up gradually. A biomethane plant adds time for upgrading and the grid connection. When planning the schedule, it is worth running procedures in parallel and allowing reserves for delays, especially in matters that depend on external parties (the grid operator, authorities, accompanying investments).

Sources: globenergia.pl: Biogaz i biometan w Polsce — bilans sektora na koniec 2025 r.; European Biogas Association

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Question 26

How many biogas plants operate in Poland?

Accepted Answer

According to KOWR data as of 28 May 2026, the register of agricultural biogas producers contained 209 installations belonging to 175 entities, and the total number of biogas installations (including those at wastewater treatment plants and landfills) at the end of 2025 was over 400.

The KOWR register covers only agricultural biogas and does not fully include micro-installations or biogas from wastewater treatment plants and landfills. Figures differ depending on the source, date and definitions, so compare them with care. An industry report from 2026 indicates that investors declared more than a hundred large biomethane projects, and several hundred projects are in preparation, but declarations do not mean that all of them will be built. Current data is worth checking in the KOWR register and in industry reports.

Sources: globenergia.pl: Ile jest w Polsce biogazowni rolniczych w 2026 r.; globenergia.pl: Biogaz i biometan w Polsce — bilans sektora na koniec 2025 r.; Krajowy Ośrodek Wsparcia Rolnictwa — gov.pl

Discussed in the article: The biogas substrate market in Poland: trends and outlook for 2026

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Question 27

How many hours with a negative day-ahead market (RDN) price were there in the first half of 2025?

Accepted Answer

In the model data, 251 hours with prices below zero, the most in the series; since 28/12/2024, the energy from every such hour is excluded from FIP settlement.

Question 28

How much does it cost to build a biomethane plant?

Accepted Answer

The cost of building a biomethane plant depends on scale, technology and local conditions, and for a medium-sized installation one usually speaks of tens of millions of zloty, covering the biogas plant, upgrading, the connection and the infrastructure.

The largest items are: the digestion section (tanks, mixers, feeding systems), the upgrading installation, the connection and injection station, the management of digestate, and the costs of the project and permits. The unit cost falls with scale. When comparing offers, check exactly what the price includes (e.g. the connection, storage, lagoons, commissioning). On top of the investment costs come operating costs, including feedstock, energy and servicing. Reliable figures come from a feasibility study for a specific project; general amounts are easily misleading.

Sources: European Biogas Association; IEA — Outlook for biogas and biomethane: prospects for organic growth

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Question 29

How do natural gas prices affect the profitability of biomethane?

Accepted Answer

Higher natural gas prices improve the profitability of biomethane, because the price at which it can be sold rises, but biomethane costs more than fossil gas and therefore usually needs support or a premium for its renewable character.

The cost of producing biomethane results from substrate, investment and operating costs and for a long time exceeded the price of natural gas, so installations operate thanks to support, and buyers pay extra for a guarantee of origin or a certificate. Gas prices in Europe fluctuate strongly, as the energy crisis after 2021 showed; for an investor the volatility is a risk. A contract for difference or a FIP limits this risk, and long-term contracts with industrial customers stabilise revenue.

Sources: Komisja Europejska — Dyrekcja Generalna ds. Energii; European Biogas Association

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Question 30

How should I compare offers for biogas upgrading technology?

Accepted Answer

Compare upgrading offers by guaranteed purity and methane recovery, energy and heat consumption, servicing costs, availability and scope of supply, and not only by the purchase price.

Two offers at a similar price may cover a different scope: one may include desulphurisation, drying, a compressor and treatment of the residual gas, the other not. It is worth demanding guarantees of parameters (CH₄ recovery, losses, consumption of electricity and heat), servicing terms and the availability of spare parts, as well as references from similar installations. The cost of the whole life cycle (CAPEX + OPEX) matters more than the purchase price, because energy consumption and servicing recur every year. It is also good to compare requirements for the quality of the raw biogas.

Sources: IEA Bioenergy Task 37 — Energy from Biogas; European Biogas Association

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Question 31

How can you tell that a company is an authorised distributor?

Accepted Answer

From a statement by the manufacturer (a list of partners on its website or a document from it). The websites of Polish companies that we checked do not themselves contain such an unambiguous declaration for OGI cameras; one of them shows a FLIR partner badge. Before buying, ask for confirmation of status, warranty and service.

Question 32

How can heat from a biogas plant be used?

Accepted Answer

Heat from cogeneration in a biogas plant is used first to heat the digesters, and the surplus for drying (digestate, wood, grain), heating buildings, greenhouses or a district heating network, and sometimes for absorption cooling.

Digesters require a constant temperature, so part of the heat is used by the installation. The remaining heat is worth selling or using, because this increases the efficiency of the whole installation and improves the economic and climate balance. The heat customer should be a short distance away, because losses in the network quickly rise. When planning, it is worth taking into account the seasonality of heat demand. A biomethane plant does not produce useful heat from the gas on site, so unlike cogeneration it has no such stream to sell, and the heat for the process must come from a boiler or another source.

Sources: IEA Bioenergy Task 37 — Energy from Biogas; European Biogas Association

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Question 33

In H1 2022, was it worth choosing the day-ahead market (RDN) over FIT?

Accepted Answer

On paper, yes: the average day-ahead market (RDN) price (PLN 660.0/MWh) exceeded the FIT (PLN 617.5/MWh), and 2× operation gave PLN 779.6/MWh. However, the risk that prices will fall back must be kept in mind.

Question 34

In H1 2024, did operating in expensive hours pay off more than before?

Accepted Answer

The premium for 2× operation compared with continuous operation was PLN 68.6/MWh – less than in the crisis half-years, but the day-ahead market (RDN) was low overall (PLN 372.0/MWh), so the FIT of PLN 828.4/MWh remained twice as high.

Question 35

In H1 2025, did FIP with flexibility match FIT?

Accepted Answer

In the FIP model, with 2× operation it gave PLN 845.3/MWh against PLN 828.4/MWh under FIT (102%), but these are two different reference prices, and FIP requires investment in a generator set and gas storage.

Question 36

In H2 2021, was the day-ahead market (RDN) better than FIT?

Accepted Answer

With continuous operation, no (PLN 511.8/MWh against PLN 617.5/MWh), but when operating in the 8 most expensive hours of the day, revenue from the day-ahead market (RDN) was PLN 627.0/MWh, about 1.5% more than FIT.

Question 37

In H2 2022, did FIP pay the generator?

Accepted Answer

In no month: the monthly average day-ahead market (RDN) price was higher than the fixed FIP price, so there was no top-up payment, and a positive balance arose that is settled against future top-ups.

Question 38

In H2 2025, did FIP + 2× match FIT?

Accepted Answer

Almost: PLN 821.4/MWh against PLN 828.4/MWh under FIT, that is, 99%.

Question 39

Is biomethane more expensive than natural gas?

Accepted Answer

Usually yes, because the cost of producing biomethane (substrate, biogas plant, upgrading, connection) has for a long time exceeded the price of natural gas, which is why it needs support or a premium for its renewable character.

The difference depends on the feedstock (slurry and waste can be cheaper than crops), the scale and the gas price on the market. When gas prices rise, the gap narrows; when they fall, support matters more. The value of avoided emissions also rises: buyers who must demonstrate a reduction in emissions are ready to pay a premium for guarantees and certificates. Exact comparisons require data from a specific project and period. General figures from abroad rarely transfer directly to Polish conditions.

Sources: IEA — Outlook for biogas and biomethane: prospects for organic growth; European Biogas Association

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Question 40

Is the EU taxonomy mandatory for a biogas plant owner?

Accepted Answer

Not directly – it is a classification used by large companies and financial institutions in reporting. Indirectly, however, it influences which criteria a bank will apply when financing a biogas plant.

Question 41

Is the gate fee for accepting waste a profit for a biogas plant?

Accepted Answer

The gate fee for accepting waste is income for a biogas plant, but not pure profit, because it comes with the costs of unloading, removing contaminants, hygienisation, rejects, record-keeping and management of digestate.

Waste (e.g. food waste, waste from the food industry) is often accepted for a fee, which improves the profitability of the installation. However, its quality varies, so one must reckon with the costs of screening and removing packaging, possible hygienisation, and the risk of inhibition and of removing contaminants. Fees also depend on competition from other installations and on regulation, and a change in the rules (e.g. quality requirements) can lower the margin. The calculation should take into account the full cost of managing the waste, including rejects and digestate.

Sources: Ustawa o odpadach (Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21) — ISAP; European Biogas Association

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Question 42

Is the list complete?

Accepted Answer

We do not guarantee completeness. This is an editorial overview of the situation as at 3/09/2026; companies can submit corrections and additions at biuro@substraty.pl.

Question 43

Is there a manufacturer of OGI cameras in Poland?

Accepted Answer

We did not find such a manufacturer. A producer of infrared detectors (VIGO Photonics) operates in Poland and describes detectors for gas analysis, but we found no confirmation that its detectors are used in OGI cameras. The cameras offered in Poland that we identified are imported.

Question 44

What are the main risks of investing in a biogas or biomethane plant?

Accepted Answer

The main risks are the availability and price of substrate, delays in permits and grid connection, changes in regulations and support, public opposition, technological risk and the management of digestate.

Substrate has to be contracted for years, and the quality of waste can vary. Permits and connection may take longer than planned. Legislation in this area changes often (in Poland e.g. the amendment to the Act on Renewable Energy Sources of 4 September 2026, Journal of Laws (Dz.U.) 2026, item 1347), which affects the support available. Technological risk means breakdowns, process inhibition and upgrading efficiency. Finally, local acceptance: noise, odours and lorry traffic can delay a project. Good practice is scenario analysis, a reserve in the budget and in time, and early dialogue with the neighbourhood.

Sources: European Biogas Association; IEA Bioenergy Task 37 — Energy from Biogas

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Question 45

Was a 0.5 MW biogas plant subject to the Fund levy in 2022?

Accepted Answer

No. The Act on extraordinary measures (Journal of Laws (Dz.U.) 2022, item 2243) excludes biogas and agricultural biogas from the levy (Article 21(1)(10)) as well as units with a capacity of up to 1 MW (Article 22(1)).

Question 46

What about negative prices in 2023?

Accepted Answer

In the first half of 2023 there were 5 hours with a price below zero; under Article 93(5), energy is excluded from support only when there are at least six consecutive hours of negative prices.

Question 47

What are the operating costs of a biogas plant?

Accepted Answer

The operating costs of a biogas plant are above all substrate, own energy and heat, servicing and repairs (including of engines and upgrading), staff, laboratory and monitoring, management of digestate, insurance, and fees and taxes.

In agricultural biogas plants the largest item is often the cost of feedstock, where it is purchased; in waste-based installations the opposite is true: the feedstock brings income from gate fees. Servicing of the cogeneration engine or upgrading installation, replacement of mixers, pumps and filters, and process analyses should be included in the budget. The plant's availability has a large effect on unit cost, because fixed costs are spread over a smaller output. In the financial plan, include a reserve for unplanned repairs.

Sources: European Biogas Association; IEA Bioenergy Task 37 — Energy from Biogas

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Question 48

What changed in the daily price profile?

Accepted Answer

The lowest average hourly price now falls at 12:00 (PLN 286.6/MWh) rather than at night; the peak is at 20:00 (PLN 514.2/MWh).

Question 49

What determines the profitability of a biomethane plant?

Accepted Answer

The profitability of a biomethane plant is determined above all by the cost and availability of substrate, the selling price of gas and certificates, capital expenditure, methane recovery, the cost of the connection, and the level of support or income from accepting waste.

Substrate is sometimes the largest cost item, but waste can generate income (a gate fee). The gas price is volatile, so support in the form of a FIP or a contract for difference stabilises revenue. Of great importance are the plant's availability, because every shutdown is lost production, and the management of digestate, which may generate a cost or an income. It is worth carrying out a sensitivity analysis, because a small change in the price of substrate or gas can change the outcome of the project. For installations using auctions, the bid price and the risk of delays are important.

Sources: European Biogas Association; IEA — Outlook for biogas and biomethane: prospects for organic growth

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Question 50

What does selling “only at the day-ahead price (RDN)” mean?

Accepted Answer

It is an installation outside the support scheme: with no fixed price and no coverage of a negative balance, settled solely at the market price.

Question 51

What does the abbreviation Ro mean in the Spanish system?

Accepted Answer

Retribución a la operación, that is, operating support, which tops up market revenues to the level of the operating costs of a typical installation, mainly fuel costs.

Question 52

What does the abbreviation SMBP mean?

Accepted Answer

Self Mixing Biogas Plant, that is, a biogas plant with self-mixing. According to company announcements, the exclusive licence for this technology, not limited territorially, is held by Turbo Green Electric, a subsidiary of Global Hydrogen.

Question 53

What does the VoltAlert app offer a biogas plant?

Accepted Answer

Hourly day-ahead market energy prices and alerts when a set price threshold is exceeded; they help plan flexible operating hours, but they do not control the generator set and do not replace an investment valuation.

Question 54

What fixed price has applied since 10 November 2023?

Accepted Answer

The regulation of 8 November 2023 (Journal of Laws (Dz.U.) 2023, item 2440) raised the reference price for agricultural biogas up to 500 kW to PLN 872/MWh, so the FIT for new declarations is 95% of that amount, that is PLN 828.4/MWh.

Question 55

What happens to a positive balance in FIP?

Accepted Answer

Under Article 93(11) of the Act on Renewable Energy Sources (ustawa o OZE), a positive balance is offset against a future negative balance, and any amount not settled by the end of the support period is returned to the renewable energy settlement operator.

Question 56

What is a contract for difference (CfD) in biomethane auctions?

Accepted Answer

A contract for difference is an agreement in which the producer sells gas on the market and, when the market price is lower than the price won in the auction, receives a top-up payment; when it is higher, the producer returns the surplus, which stabilises revenue.

The amendment to the Act on Renewable Energy Sources (ustawa o OZE) of 4 September 2026 (Journal of Laws (Dz.U.) 2026, item 1347) introduces biomethane auctions run by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office (URE) in two baskets (below 2 MW and from 2 MW of electrical capacity after conversion). The winner is entitled to coverage of the negative balance for 20 years from the first sale (but not beyond 31 December 2054) and must sell the first biomethane within 48 months of the close of the auction session. The auction provisions enter into force on 17 February 2027 and require a European Commission decision on state aid. Thanks to a CfD, banks find it easier to finance projects, because revenue is less dependent on gas prices. A drawback may be the risk of penalties or loss of the right to support in the event of delays.

Sources: gramwzielone.pl: Jest podpis prezydenta pod nowymi przepisami (16.10.2026); enerad.pl: Senat przyjął nowelizację ustawy o OZE; Ustawa z 4 września 2026 r. o zmianie ustawy o OZE (Dz.U. 2026 poz. 1347) — API ELI Sejmu

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Question 57

What is a micro biogas plant?

Accepted Answer

A micro biogas plant is colloquially a biogas plant of very low capacity, of the order of several dozen kilowatts, usually at a farm, fed mainly with slurry or manure, which produces electricity and heat for its own needs.

In the Act on Renewable Energy Sources (ustawa o OZE), a micro-installation is an installation with an installed electrical capacity of up to 50 kW, but "micro biogas plant" is not a separate legal concept and is sometimes used more broadly. The number of such installations in Poland is limited (of the order of several dozen to over a hundred, according to various compilations), mainly because of unit costs, formal requirements and support. The advantage is a fit to the scale of the farm and the use of excreta; the drawback is a higher cost of energy and the effort of operation. The assessment depends on the specific project.

Sources: Ustawa o odnawialnych źródłach energii (Dz.U. 2015 poz. 478) — ISAP; globenergia.pl: Ile jest w Polsce biogazowni rolniczych w 2026 r.

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Question 58

What is an LGC?

Accepted Answer

A Large-scale Generation Certificate is a certificate created by a renewable power station under the Australian Large-scale Renewable Energy Target scheme. One LGC corresponds to 1 MWh of renewable energy above the baseline.

Question 59

What is REER?

Accepted Answer

It is the Régimen Económico de Energías Renovables, the Spanish auction system in which winners receive a long-term economic regime for new renewable energy installations.

Question 60

What is the ASP in CfD auctions?

Accepted Answer

The Administrative Strike Price is the maximum strike price that a project of a given technology can obtain in a round. Bids above the ASP are not eligible, and the strike price set in the auction may be lower than the ASP.

Question 61

What is the bandingfactor?

Accepted Answer

It is the ratio of the onrendabele top (the unprofitable part of the investment, in EUR/MWh) to the banding divisor; it determines how many certificates are received per 1000 kWh of energy.

Question 62

What is the CBG purchase price for?

Accepted Answer

It is the price at which Indian gas or fuel distribution companies buy compressed biogas from producers. It gives producers predictable revenue.

Question 63

What is the FER 2 tariff for a small biogas plant?

Accepted Answer

According to a CIB presentation from February 2026, EUR 233/MWh for 20 years for biogas up to 300 kW; base tariffs are reduced by 3% a year, and small installations (up to 300 kW) feel this only from 2026.

Question 64

What is the FIP (feed-in premium) system?

Accepted Answer

A FIP is a support mechanism in which the producer sells biomethane or energy on the market and, if the market price is lower than the reference price, receives a premium covering the difference, paid by the Settlement Administrator (Zarządca Rozliczeń).

For biomethane from installations up to 1 MW, the producer submits a declaration of intent to sell at a fixed purchase price equal to the reference price (Articles 83l–83n of the Act on Renewable Energy Sources (ustawa o OZE); this solution is closer to a feed-in tariff than to a FIP), and the President of the Energy Regulatory Office (URE) issues a certificate. A FIP differs from a feed-in tariff in that the producer sells the product on the market itself, and so keeps an incentive to sell at a favourable price. The amendment to the Act on Renewable Energy Sources of 4 September 2026 (Journal of Laws (Dz.U.) 2026, item 1347) changes some of the FIP parameters in the act. For details, check the amount of the reference price, the support period and the conditions in the act and in URE announcements. This is general information.

Sources: gramwzielone.pl: URE wydał dwa ważne dokumenty dla biometanu; Ustawa o odnawialnych źródłach energii (Dz.U. 2015 poz. 478) — ISAP

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