BioCNG is compressed and bioLNG is liquefied biomethane. Both fuels have the same uses as their fossil counterparts — road, maritime and industrial — but with a renewable origin.
RSSLiquefaction and compression of biomethane, refuelling stations, heavy-duty fleets and shipping, supply chains and accounting for renewable fuels.
Petroleum and Natural Gas Minister Puri reported in January 2026 that 132 CBG plants with a combined capacity of 920 t per day had been commissioned in India. The SATAT programme, launched in 2018, envisaged 5,000 plants.
On 2 December 2025 it was announced that HAM Group had opened South America’s first bio-LNG plant in the Ñuble region of Chile. Biogas from meat industry waste is liquefied in a modular installation.
On 17 October 2025 an extraordinary session of the International Maritime Organization postponed by a year the decision on formally adopting the Net-Zero Framework for shipping. For bioLNG this means continued dependence on EU rules.
On 26 July 2025 in the Port of Barcelona the cruise ship Mein Schiff Relax took 1,875 m³ of bioLNG from the barge Haugesund Knutsen. The fuel came from the Enagás terminal and had an ISCC EU certificate.
Gas engines do not burn all the methane; unburnt CH₄ (slip) worsens the GHG balance of bioLNG. We compare road and marine engine types and convert slip into gCO₂e/MJ.
On 11 April 2025, at the MEPC 83 meeting, the International Maritime Organization approved a draft global framework for reducing shipping emissions to net zero. Formal adoption was postponed by a year.
CNG buses running on bioCNG can reduce fuel-cycle emissions and improve air quality, but electric buses are gaining the advantage. We compare emissions, fuel costs and the role of the Clean Vehicles Directive.
From 1 January 2025 ships above 5,000 GT calling at EU ports must progressively reduce the GHG intensity of the energy they use. BioLNG is one of the fuels that help meet this requirement.
LNG trucks running on bioLNG can reduce emissions across the whole fuel cycle, but EU CO₂ standards for heavy-duty vehicles count only tailpipe emissions. We analyse range, costs and regulations.
From 2025, the FuelEU Maritime Regulation introduces limits on the GHG intensity of energy used on ships. We explain the rules, the role of bioLNG, methane slip in LNG engines and penalties.
An LNG station consists of a cryogenic tank, pump, dispenser and safety systems; an L-CNG station additionally vaporises gas into compressed form. We describe the components, refuelling, safety and operation.
On 13 September 2023 Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 on alternative fuels infrastructure (AFIR) was adopted. It replaces Directive 2014/94/EU and sets targets for chargers, hydrogen stations and LNG in seaports.
We explain why in the US renewable natural gas goes mainly into transport: how D3 RINs from the RFS, LCFS credits and other support instruments combine, and what the risks of this model are.
On 25 July 2023 the Council of the EU approved the FuelEU Maritime regulation, adopted by Parliament on 11 July. Shipowners will account for the emission intensity of fuels, and a deficit carries penalties.
The bioLNG chain consists of the biogas plant, upgrading, a liquefaction plant, storage, tanker transport and a station or bunkering. We describe the links, boil-off losses and where costs arise.
On 23 March 2023 the European Parliament and the Council of the EU reached a provisional agreement on FuelEU Maritime: a reduction in the emission intensity of shipping fuels of 2% in 2025 and up to 80% in 2050.
A liquefier requires far purer gas than the grid: CO₂ of the order of several dozen ppm, water below 1 ppm, trace H₂S and mercury. We describe the limits, the reasons and the methods of final purification.
bioCNG is biomethane compressed to about 200–250 bar that powers gas vehicles. We explain the pressures, types of cylinders, fuel consumption, station construction and gas quality requirements.
On 2 June 2022 the Transport Council adopted a general approach on the FuelEU Maritime and ReFuelEU Aviation regulations. This opens negotiations with Parliament and signals demand for low-emission fuels.
In May 2022 the Dutch company Titan LNG delivered 60 tonnes of bio-LNG to the tanker Fure Vinga in Amsterdam. It was one of the first such deliveries in European ports and an important step for shipping.
On 19 February 2022 Prime Minister Modi remotely opened in Indore a bio-CNG plant processing 550 t of segregated organic waste per day. The gas is to power, among others, city buses.
Small bioLNG liquefiers use nitrogen cycles, mixed refrigerant cycles or cascade cycles. We compare the technologies in terms of efficiency, simplicity, scale and safety.
At the end of November 2021 Optimal Group and BOC (Linde) signed a memorandum to study building Australia's first bioLNG plant in Westbury, Tasmania, with a biogas plant costing about AUD 55 million.
The Polish Oil and Gas Company (PGNiG) and the Poznań University of Life Sciences are testing a prototype installation digesting the biodegradable fraction of municipal waste into bioCNG. A commercial installation was to be built in 2023.
